TORTHO

Name	Type	Caption	Length	Value range
MFILE *	String	Input-file name, folder (directory), or text file	1 - 192
DBIC	Integer	Input raster channel(s)	0 -
MMSEG	Integer	Input math-model segment	0 - 1
DBIW	Integer	Input window	0 - 4	XOff, YOff, XSize, YSize
SRCBGD	String	Source background value	0 - 192	Default: FILE
RADIODIF	String	Allowable radiometric difference	0 - 192	Default: LOW
OUTDIR	String	Deliverable output file folder (directory)	0 - 256
FTYPE	String	Output file type	0 - 4	PIX \| TIF Default: PIX
FOPTIONS	String	Options for output file	0 - 64
OUTBGD	Float	Output background value	0 - 1	Default: 0
EDGECLIP	Integer	Automatic edge clipping (%)	0 - 1	0 - 49 Default: 0
MAPUNITS	String	Output projection units	0 - 256
BXPXSZ *	String	Horizontal output-pixel size	1 - 32
BYPXSZ	String	Vertical pixel size	0 - 32
TIPOSTRN	String	Tile positioning transformation	0 - 192
FILEDEM	String	File or folder (directory) containing the digital elevation model	0 - 192
DBEC	Integer	Input elevation channel	0 - 1
BACKELEV	Float	Background elevation value	0 - 1
ELEVREF	String	Vertical reference for elevation values	0 - 192	MSL \| ELLIPS \| MATHMODEL
ELEVUNIT	String	Elevation value units	0 - 7	METER \| FEET \| US_FEET
ELFACTOR	Float	Elevation offset and scale	0 - 2
FILEDBM	String	File containing the digital building models	0 - 192
DBMPXERR	Integer	Building model error	0 - 1	0 - Default: 1
DBVS	Integer	Input-vector layer	0 - 1
ZREF	String	Vertical reference for DBM Z values	0 - 192	MSL \| ELLIPS \| MATHMODEL Default: MSL
ZUNIT	String	DBM elevation value units	0 - 7	METER \| FEET \| US_FEET Default: METER
ZFACTOR	Float	DBM elevation offset and scale	0 - 2	Default: 0.0,1.0
RESAMPLE	String	Resampling method	0 - 192	Default: CUBIC
ALGO	String	Processing algorithm	0 - 192	See Parameter Details. Default: OCCLUDE
PROC	String	Processing unit configuration	0 - 192

Parameter descriptions

MFILE

The name of an image file, a folder (directory), or a text file that contains the input images to process. If necessary, you can use a wildcard (*) with the parameter value.

If you are specifying an MFILE, you can use any of the following:

specific data-file name or folder (directory) path and file name; for example, irvine.pix or c:\data\irvine.pix
specific file-name format or all files in a folder; for example, c:\data\*.pix or c:\data
existing text file that contains references to multiple files with, optionally, different parameter settings per file; for example, c:\list.txt

If you specify a text file, the following general rules apply:

The file must have a .txt extension.
List each set of file names and parameters on its own line in the given order.
Use semi-colons to delimit the parameters.
Specify string parameters in quotation marks.
Do not specify numeric parameters in quotation marks.
A quotation mark preceded by a backslash is used as part of the string. For example, ab\\"c is used as: ab"c.
If no value is specified, leave no space between the semi-colons (";;"). Alternatively, if there are no remaining parameters to be specified at the end of a line, you can leave it blank.
Use an exclamation mark (!) before writing a comment.
Parameters in a text file may or may not be specified in the function; that is:
- If a parameter is specified in the function and in the text file, the value in the text file is used.
- If a parameter is not specified in the text file, you can do so in the function.

Each MFILE line contains up to nine file-specific parameters in the following format, and in the order shown:

[FILI];[DBIC];[MMSEG];[DBIW];[SRCBGD];[EDGECLIP];[RADIODIF];[DBMPXERR];[ROLE]

Of the preceding, FILI is mandatory; the other parameters are optional. If not specified, the corresponding parameter value of the algorithm is used.

[FILI]: input-file name
[DBIC]: comma-delimited list of channels to process
[MMSEG]: math-model-segment number
[DBIW]: input window to process
[SRCBGD]: rule identify background pixels
[EDGECLIP]: percentage to clip from computed file extents
[RADIODIF]: allowable radiometric difference for candidate images
[DBMPXERR]: amount to grow voids before occlusion compensation
[ROLE]: raster role

The following is an example of two lines of the MFILE:

"d:\ortho\src\32A.pix";1,-3;;;"FILE,ALL,0";;"ANY";4;
"d:\ortho\src\52A.pix";1,-3;2;500,500,10000,10000;"NONE";5;;;"PREP"

In the preceding example, channels 1 through 3 of file 32A.pix will be processed. Values for DBIW, MMSEG, and EDGECLIP will be used as defined at the algorithm level. SRCBGD is defined as "FILE,ALL,0". Before filling, the occluded regions will grow by four pixels, but no feathering will be applied.

For image 52A.pix, math-model segment 2 will be used. Channels 1 through 3 will be processed, and DBIW will be set to [500,500,10000,10000] for this image. The image is processed as if there is no source background, and the file extents computed automatically will be trimmed by five percent before generating the output file. Values for RADIODIF and DBMPXERR will be used as defined at the algorithm level. This scene will not be filled.

DBIC

The channel or channels to process in the input file.

Each channel must contain the same data type. If no value is specified for this parameter, all of the channels in the source file will be processed.

This parameter value can be overridden by a corresponding value in the MFILE text file.

Ranges of channels or segments can be specified with negative values. For example, {1,-4,10} is internally expanded to {1,2,3,4,10}. When you are not specifying a range in this way, only 48 numbers can be specified explicitly.

MMSEG

The math-model segment of the input raw image to use in the orthorectification process. All math-model types are supported.

If this parameter is not specified, the last model segment of the input file is used.

This parameter can be overridden by a corresponding value in the MFILE text file.

DBIW

The raster window (Xoffset, Yoffset, Xsize, Ysize) of data to read from the input channels.

If no value is specified for this parameter, the entire image is processed. XOff, YOff define the upper-left starting pixel coordinates of the window. XSize is the number of pixels that define the window width. YSize is the number of lines that define the window height.

Note: This parameter is particularly useful when orthorectifying scanned-film airphotos, as it can be used to exclude the registration marks and ancillary data printed along the edge of the image.

SRCBGD

The pixels in the source image to be considered as background (NoData) pixels. Typically, if the resampling window for any ortho pixel contains a source background pixel, the ortho pixel is not processed and the output background value (OUTBGD) is written instead.

Available values for this parameter are:

FILE: Reads the NoData value from the input-file metadata. The application first looks for the file-level metadata tag NO_DATA_VALUE in the source raster. If the tag is present, this value is used as a default for all channels in the file. Next, the application looks for channel-level NoData tags. If a channel-level NoData tag is found, it overrides the file-level value for that channel.
If there are channel-level NoData tags, but no file-level tags, a pixel will be processed as NoData when each of the channels with a NoData tag corresponds to its NoData value. In this case, channels without a NoData tag will be ignored when identifying background pixels.

If no NoData tags are found in the file, the default mode ALL,0 is used. To use a different rule when no NoData tags are found, include it after a comma; for example, "FILE,ANY,3" will use the file NoData tags, if found; otherwise, "ANY,3" is used as the rule for SRCBGD.

FILE is the default value for this parameter.
NONE: all pixels in the source image are to be considered valid
ALL,[values]: When all channels match the values provided, the pixel is considered NoData.
ANY,[values]: When any channel matches the value provided, the pixel is considered NoData.
List of pixel values: This is equivalent to ALL,[values]. You can provide a comma-delimited list of pixel values, and each item in the list is processed using the ALL rule.

With the ALL and ANY options, the background pixel is described by the "background rule" and a list of one or more pixel values for the different image channels. The "background rule" must be set to ALL or ANY. ALL indicates that the pixel value in all channels must match the provided background value for the pixel to be considered as background. ANY indicates that if any channel equals the background value, the pixel will be considered as background.

The background value is provided as either a single number (applied to all channels) or as a pixel "stack". If a pixel stack is provided, but the number of values does not equal the number of channels, the list will be truncated or the last value will be repeated, as necessary. The background values provided will be truncated to the range allowed by the source image data type.

The following examples apply to a three-channel, 8-bit unsigned image:

"ALL,0": a pixel is considered background when all three channels are 0
"ANY,0": a pixel is considered background when any one of the three channels is 0
"ALL,128,0,0": a pixel is considered background when its value is exactly 128 for the first channel and 0 for the second and third channels
"ALL,128,0,0,245": a pixel is considered background when its value is exactly 128 for the first channel and 0 for the second and third channels. The value 245 is ignored.
"ANY,128,0": a pixel is considered background when the value in channel 1 is 128–or–if the value in channel 2 or 3 is 0
"ANY,1032,0": a pixel is considered background if the value in channel one is 255–or–if the value in channel 2 or 3 is 0. The first value is truncated to the range allowed for 8U data.
"FILE": If the file contains a file-level NoData tag, a pixel is considered background when all three channels are set to this value. Otherwise, if the file contains channel-level NoData tags, a pixel is considered background when each channel with a NoData tag corresponds to its NoData value. If no NoData tags are present, a pixel is considered background when all three channels are 0.
"FILE,ANY,0": If the file contains a file-level NoData tag, a pixel is considered background when all three channels are set to this value. Otherwise, if the file contains channel-level NoData tags, a pixel is considered background when each channel with a NoData tag corresponds to its NoData value. If no NoData tags are present, a pixel is considered background if any of the three channels are 0.
"0": equivalent to "ALL,0"
"128,0,0": equivalent to "ALL,128,0,0"

RADIODIF

The allowable extent of radiometric difference between a candidate image and the current image for it to be considered for occlusion recovery.

The following values are supported:

ANY
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH

This parameter can be overridden by an entry in the MFILE.

OUTDIR

A folder (directory) to which the orthorectified images will be written. If the folder does not exist, it is created automatically.

The name of a generated orthorectified image file has generally the same base name as that of the source image file, but is prefixed by "to" to indicate it is orthorectified. If multiple source image files have the same base name, a new base name may be generated automatically for the scene.

If no value is specified for this parameter, a subfolder delivery is created automatically in the parent folder of the MFILE.

FTYPE

The format of the output file to create: .tif, .pix, or another GDB-supported file type.

Supported file formats include, among others:

.pix: PCIDSK format (default)
.tif: Tagged Image File format
.jp2: JPEG 2000 format

For a complete list of GDB-recognized file types, see About Generic Database file formats

This parameter is optional.

FOPTIONS

The options to apply when creating the output file specific to the file format, such as compression schemes, file-format subtypes, and so forth. If most cases, the default option will suffice.

For a complete list of GDB-recognized file types, including the options available for each, see About Generic Database file formats

OUTBGD

The background (NoData) value to use for ortho pixels that are not populated. Each channel is set to the same background value. The background value provided is truncated to the range allowed by the source image data type.

EDGECLIP

The percentage of the image that is clipped from the edges during orthorectification. Clipping is applied to each edge of the image; for example, if the value specified is 5, five percent is clipped from the left-most edge and five percent from the right-most edge). The maximum value is 49 (percent).

Edge clipping is performed after the ortho image extents (ULX, ULY, LRX, LRY) are determined, but before the tile-positioning transformation (TIPOSTRN) is applied.

Note: This parameter is particularly useful for images in a north-south or east-west orientation, as it can be used to clip the undulating boundary that arises due to relief displacement.

MAPUNITS

The projection string for the output ortho image. If no value is specified for this parameter, the map units are determined automatically.

The standard definitions are as follows:

UTM: Universal Transverse Mercator
SPCS: State Plane Coordinate System
LONG/LAT: longitude and latitude
METER: image along-row and along-column meters
FEET: image along-row and along-column feet

If METER or FEET is specified, the math model and DEM must be METER or FEET.

If a regular, Earth-referenced projection is specified, the math model and digital elevation model (DEM) must also use a regular projection (not necessarily the same one); neither METER nor FEET are allowed.

The label of a user-defined projection can also be specified if it exists in the file userproj.txt. Otherwise, the projection-parameter information must be provided as a string separated by a vertical bar (|). The projection-parameter string defines 18 parameters delimited by spaces, including Dearth, RefLong, RefLat, StdParallel1, StdParallel2, FalseEasting, FalseNorthing, Scale, Height, Long1, Lat1, Long2, Lat2, Azimuth, LandsatNum, LandsatPath and UnitsCode. For example, the projection "France93" can be specified as

LCC D350 | 0 0 3.0 46.5 44.0 49.0 700000 6600000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1

This parameter can specify the UTM grid-zone number and row, and Earth model, as follows:

UTM [mm] [r] [Ennn]

where:

[mm] is the two-digit zone number between 1 and 60.
[r] is the zone row: a single letter between N and X for north of the equator and between C and M for south of the equator. Zone rows A, B, Y, and Z are not supported; rows I and O do not exist.
[Ennn] specifies the Earth model, where the model number is between 0 and 19. If the Earth model is not specified, it is assumed to be E000 (Clarke 1866).

The Earth model can be specified for LONG/LAT (and other units except METER or FEET), as follows:

LONG/LAT [Ennn]

This parameter can specify the SPCS zone number and Earth model as follows:

SPCS [mmmm] [Ennn]

where [mmmm] is the four-digit zone number.

If the Earth model is not specified, it is assumed to be E000 (Clarke 1866).

If MAPUNITS is not specified, the logic for determining a default ortho-coordinate system is as follows:

If the source raster has a coordinate reference system (CRS) that is projectable (neither PIXEL, METER, nor FEET), it will be used for the output ortho.
Otherwise, the CRS from the MMSEG math model is analyzed. If the MMSEG math model is METER or FEET, a two-dimensional (2-D) coordinate system of type METER or FEET will be chosen to match.
If the MMSEG math model is based on a projected-coordinate system, the same projected-coordinate system will be chosen.
If the MMSEG math model is based on a geographic longitude-latitude coordinate system, a default projection based on the WGS84 datum will be selected, depending on the image position. If the image falls between 84 degrees north and 80 degrees south, a UTM projection with the appropriate zone number will be used. If the image falls in the polar regions, a Universal Polar Stereographic projection will be used.

BXPXSZ

The horizontal pixel size of the output image.

The output-pixel size is expressed in the units of the ortho coordinate system.

BYPXSZ

The vertical pixel size of the output image.

The output-pixel size is expressed in the units of the ortho coordinate system.

If no value is specified for this parameter, the value specified for the horizontal pixel size (BXPXSZ) is used.

TIPOSTRN

An upper-left corner-coordinate adjustment for the orthorectified image.

This parameter allows you to generate ortho images that occur in a specific raster grid. You specify it by providing a keyword and either two or four values.

The keyword indicates the relative positioning of the values:

CORNER: values are relative to the upper-left corner of the first pixel in the output file
CENTER: values are relative to the center of the first pixel in the output file

After the keyword is specified, the values are:

Stride_X
Stride_Y
Ref_X
Ref_Y

These values define the position of the corner or center relative to the specified raster grid.

Of the four values, only Stride_X is required. If not specified, Stride_Y defaults to the Stride_X value, and Ref_X, Ref_Y default to 0.

Stride_X must double an integer multiplier of the horizontal pixel size, and Stride_Y must double an interger multiplier of the vertical pixel size.

For example:

TIPOSTRN="CORNER, 20, 20, 432345.000, 5438882.000"

In the preceding example, the upper-left corner of the upper-left pixel of the image will be an even 20-unit multiple from the reference point (432345.000, 5438882.000). Depending on the distance of the tile from that point, its upper-left x-coordinate can be 432345.000, 432365.000, or any other multiple, but will never be 432346.000 nor 432355.000.

If a value is specified for this parameter, it is applied in all scenarios, whether the image-corner coordinates come from the input file (MFILE), ULX and ULY, or through automatic computation.

This parameter is optional.

FILEDEM

The name of a file, folder (directory), or DEM-index file that contains DEM tiles.

If the value of FILEDEM is the name of a single-raster DEM file, the parameters DBEC, BACKELEV, ELEVREF, ELEVUNIT and ELFACTOR are used, if provided.

If no value is specified for FILEDEM, the offset component of ELFACTOR and the ELEVREF parameter are used to define the height surface for orthorectification.

Note: If ELEVREF is Mean Sea Level (MSL), this constant elevation is treated as an MSL height and may be converted to an ellipsoidal height before use.

If the value of FILEDEM is the name of an existing folder (directory), the specified folder is searched for the file index.txt. This file must be in the DEM-index format, as described in Details, later in this topic.

This parameter is optional.

DBEC

Specifies the channel number for the input digital elevation model (DEM) elevation channel to be processed.

This parameter is ignored if the value of FILEDEM is an empty string or a DEM-index text file.

If the value of FILEDEM is a single file, and you do not specify a value for DBEC, a channel is selected as the most likely DEM channel by using the following logic:

If there is only one channel, it is used as the DEM channel.
If there are two or more channels, the correct one is selected according to the following criteria, in order of precedence:
1. The first channel with any one of the DEM-related metadata tags: "ELEVATION_DATUM", "ELEVATION_UNITS", "ELEVATION_FACTOR", "ELEVATION_OFFSET", "ELEVATION_SCALE", "DEM_Z_ACCURACY", "ElevationModel".
2. The first channel with a description containing any of the strings: "DEM", "DSM", "DTM", "ELEVATION".
3. The first 32-bit-real (32R) channel.
4. The first 16-bit-integer (16U or 16S) channel.
5. If no channels match the preceding criteria, the first channel in the file is selected.

BACKELEV

The background elevation (NoData) value in the input elevation channel.

Output ortho pixels with this value are set to the value of OUTBGD (Output Background), as it is impossible to interpolate a height for these pixels.

If no value is specified for this parameter, the function checks for ELEVATION_BACKGROUND or NO_DATA_VALUE metadata tags, first at the channel level, and then at the file level. If this value is not specified or found in the metadata, the function uses the default value of -32768.

This parameter is ignored if the value of FILEDEM is an empty string or a DEM-index text file.

This parameter is optional.

ELEVREF

The vertical reference for the elevation values contained in the source digital elevation model (DEM), or for the constant value of ELFACTOR, if it is used.

Acceptable values are:

MSL: elevations are referenced to Mean Sea Level. If no value is specified, MSL is applied by default. The EGM2008 geoid model will be used to convert these to ellipsoidal heights.
ELLIPS: elevations are referenced to the ellipsoid. The coordinate system of the DEM-raster file is examined to determine which ellipsoid and datum are to be used; for instance, if the DEM file is referenced to NAD83, the heights are assumed to be NAD83 ellipsoidal heights. If the DEM and math model are based on different coordinate systems, the heights will be converted automatically to the math-model-coordinate system before use.
MATHMODEL: heights are in the same height datum as the math model specified in for the MMSEG parameter. This option is used to disable explicitly any height translation when you know that the DEM and math model use the same height datum.

This parameter is ignored if FILEDEM is an empty string or a DEM index text file.

ELEVUNIT

The units of the elevation values that are stored as pixel values in the input digital elevation model (DEM), as specified either by FILEDEM or by the first entry in ELFACTOR.

Acceptable values are:

METER (default)
FEET
US_FEET

This parameter is ignored if the value of FILEDEM is an empty string or a DEM-index text file.

Note: If elevation values are specified as FEET, the conversion factor to meters is 0.3048 (corresponding to International Feet); if US_FEET is specified, the conversion factor is 1200/3937 (corresponding to U.S. Survey Feet).

ELFACTOR

If an input digital elevation model (DEM) is specified and will be used in the orthorectification (see FILEDEM), the value of this parameter is used to shift and scale the DEM pixel values to values in the units indicated by the value of ELEVUNIT (Elevation Unit).

Using this parameter, two values are specified: the first defines the offset, and the second, optionally, specifies the scale.

The conversion formula is as follows:

elevation_value = scale * (DEM_pixel_value + offset)

If no value is specified for FILEDEM, only the offset value of ELFACTOR is significant. This value is interpreted as a uniform elevation value in the units specified for ELEVUNIT and using the vertical reference specified for ELEVREF.

If no value is specified for ELFACTOR, an offset of 0.0 is applied by default, and the scale default is 1.0.

This parameter is ignored if the value of FILEDEM is an empty string or a DEM index text file.

FILEDBM

The name of a file containing triangulated building models.

If the value of FILEDBM is the name of a single-vector file, the parameters DBVS, DBMELEVREF, DBMELEVUNIT and DBMELFACTOR are used, if provided.

If no value is specified for FILEDBM, the parameters DBVS, DBMELEVREF, DBMELEVUNIT and DBMELFACTOR are ignored.

This parameter is optional.

DBMPXERR

The accuracy of the building models in units of ortho pixels.

This parameter is used to grow the occluded regions before they are filled in with data from neighboring images. This allows the algorithm to compensate for small inaccuracies in the elevation data set.

DBVS

The segment number for the input digital building model (DBM) vector layer to be processed. The specified vector layer must contain three-dimensional (3-D) triangles that represent building rooftops.

This parameter is not used if the value of FILEDBM is an empty string.

If a single file is specified as the value of FILEDBM, and no value is specified for DBVS, the first vector segment of the FILEDBM value is used.

ZREF

The vertical reference for the elevation values contained in the source digital building model (DBM), if used.

Acceptable values are:

MSL: elevations are referenced to Mean Sea Level (MSL). If no value is specified for ELEVREF, MSL is the default value. The EGM2008 geoid model will be used to convert these to ellipsoidal heights.
ELLIPS: elevations are referenced to the ellipsoid. The coordinate system of the digital elevation model (DEM) raster file is examined to determine which ellipsoid and datum to use; for example, if the DEM file is referenced to NAD83, the heights are assumed to be NAD83 ellipsoidal. If the DEM and math model are based on different coordinate systems, the heights will be converted automatically to the math model coordinate system before use.
MATHMODEL: heights are in the same height datum as the math model specified for the MMSEG parameter. This option is used to disable explicitly any height translation when you know that the DEM and math model use the same height datum.

ZUNIT

The units of the elevation values stored as vertex z-coordinates in the input digital building model (DBM), as specified by the value of FILEDBM.

Acceptable values are:

METER (default)
FEET
US_FEET

If elevation values are specified as FEET, the conversion factor to meters is 0.3048 (corresponding to International Feet); if specified as US_FEET, the conversion factor is 1200/3937 (corresponding to U.S. Survey Feet).

ZFACTOR

If an input digital building model (DBM) is specified and will be used in the orthorectification (see FILEDBM), the value of this parameter is used to shift and scale the vertex z-coordinates to values in the units indicated by the value of DBMELEVUNIT (Elevation Unit).

Using this parameter, two values are specified: the first defines the offset while the second, optionally, specifies the scale.

The conversion formula is as follows:

elevation_value = scale * (Vertex_Z_value + offset)

If no value is specified for FILEDBM, this value is ignored.

If no value is specified for ELFACTOR, the offset default is 0.0 and the scale default is 1.0.

RESAMPLE

The resampling method to use in the orthorectifying process.

The following methods are supported:

NEAR: nearest neighbor
BILIN: bilinear interpolation
CUBIC: cubic convolution (default)
SINC8,SHAPINGWINDOW=[sw],BETA=[beta]: 8 point sin(x)/x
where:
- SHAPINGWINDOW specifies a window to attenuate the SINC coefficients to reduce resampling artifacts. The value can be KAISER, HAMMING, HANN, LANCZOS, PARABOLA, or NONE. SHAPINGWINDOW is optional; the default value is KAISER.
- BETA is applicable only when the SHAPINGWINDOW is KAISER. It determines the shape of the KAISER window; a larger BETA value produces greater attenuation of the SINC coefficients. Its value can be between 1.0 and 10.0. BETA is optional.
SINC16,SHAPINGWINDOW=[sw],BETA=[beta]: 16 point sin(x)/x
where:
- SHAPINGWINDOW specifies a window to attenuate the SINC coefficients to reduce resampling artifacts. The value can be KAISER, HAMMING, HANN, LANCZOS, PARABOLA, or NONE. SHAPINGWINDOW is optional; the default value is KAISER.
- BETA is applicable only when the SHAPINGWINDOW is KAISER. It determines the shape of the KAISER window; a larger BETA value produces greater attenuation of the SINC coefficients. Its value can be between 1.0 and 10.0. BETA is optional.
CPLXSAR,NUMCOLS=[nc],NUMROWS=[nr],FC=[fc]: Complex SAR resampler. Requires complex data.
where:
- NUMCOLS is the width of the resampling window (odd number from 1 to 31)
- NUMROWS is the height of the resampling window (odd number from 1 to 31)
- FC is the normalized central frequency of the SAR image (value from -0.5 to 0.5). FC is optional; if unspecified, a default value of 0.0 is used.
AVERAGE,NUMCOLS=[nc],NUMROWS=[nr]: "Average" resampler for generating downsampled products
MEDIAN,NUMCOLS=[nc],NUMROWS=[nr]: "Median" resampler for generating downsampled products. NUMCOLS and NUMROWS can be any value from 1 to 11.
LAGRANGE4: four-point Lagrange interpolation
LAGRANGE8: eight-point Lagrange interpolation

For each resampling method, the parameters MIN=[min], MAX=[max], and FILL=[NN or BGD] can be appended as a comma-delimited list. MIN and MAX define the clamp range for output pixels; this is useful when you want to keep pixel values within a certain range (for example, 1 to 2047 if 11-bit data is stored in a 16-bit file). FILL defines the behavior when the resampling window contains NoData pixels: NN directs the resampler to use the nearest-neighbor method, while BGD indicates that the output pixel will be set to the background value. By default, NN is used as the value of FILL.

ALGO

Specifies the algorithm. The following values are valid:

OCCLUDE: This algorithm is often referred as true orthorectification. When the line-of-sight connecting the ground surface and the camera is obscured, it is not visible on the imagery. Occlusion algorithm is to identify and locate such obscured objects in ground space, and to fill them if they are visible on any overlapping images.
- HOLESIZE: Specify the diameter of remaining holes to be interpolated in unit of pixels. If not specified, default to 4 pixels. If specifying -1, the hole size is unlimited.
STRETCH: When the line-of-sight has a large incidence angle with respect to the ground surface, the object will appear at a low resolution in the imagery. Stretching algorithm is to identify low resolution areas, and replace them if they are imaged at a higher-resolution on any overlapping images. Two options can be specified.
- INDEX: Specify the index indicating stretched effect within a range [4, 14]. A smaller value indicates the more serious stretching. If not specified, it is default to 9.
- AREA: Specify the minimum number of pixels of a connected component that is considered a valid stretch. Any component having less number of pixels are considered as noise and thus are excluded. If not specified, it is default to 100.
- DEFRAG: Specify the size of a filtering window that is used to defrag stretched pixels for smoother seamlines. If not specified, it is default to 20.

PROC

Controls the amount of memory (in megabytes) used by the algorithm.

If no host memory limit is specified, the function uses a default of 1 GB or half the available physical memory, whichever is smaller.

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TORTHO

True orthorectification of imagery

Description

Parameters

Parameter descriptions

Details

Example